The Rheinwiesenlager were not the worst camps to be held as prisoner in, during and after WWII, though the American's could have been much more humane in their treatment. The West German government set up a Commission headed by Erich Maschke to investigate the fate of German POWs in the war. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Christoph Bergner, Secretary of State in Germany's Bureau for Inner Affairs, outlines the stance of the respective governmental institutions in, Hubert, Michael, Deutschland im Wandel. In post-war Germany the fate of civilians and prisoners of war has been a contentious topic. WW2 Casualties Database | WW2 Research Das Heer vom Beginn des Feldzuges gegen die Sowjetunion bis zum Kriegsende. According to Krivosheev "The figures in the Wehrmacht documents relating to Germany's war losses are therefore contradictory and unreliable. Page 262, The figure of 1,277,000 killed and missing from Jan 1, 1945 - April 30, 1945 was estimated by the U.S. Army in the 1947 report German Manpower[5], B. For other inquiries, Contact Us. The Daily Telegraph Story of the War Vol. This, of course, does not include German civilian deaths. This participation was more than ten percent of the United States' entire population. A 1946 estimate by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. put German military dead at 3.250 million, a figure that still appears in many reference works. The Japanese Relief Bureau's army dead figure for this battlefront is 163,000. [154] A study by the German demographer Peter Marschalck put the total deaths directly related to the war both military and civilians at 5.2 million, plus an estimated decline in births of 1.7 million, bringing total population losses related to the war at 6.9 million persons within the borders of 1937. Civilian deaths due to the Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450) and the Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union are sometimes included with World War II casualties, during the Cold War the West German government estimated the death toll at 2.2 million. Hungary (cited by Austrian government 1940) 845,000 Romania (1930 census) 745,000 Total 16,559,000 (est) The official death figures are listed here . Around two million men were killed, wounded, or captured during the Battle of Stalingrad. The Nazi massacre of African soldiers in French army, 80 years on It is generally accepted as being the deadliest conflict in human history, with over 30 million killed as a result. , and at least 220,000 by the end of April 1945 in the Italian campaign[63] The current view of the German government is that these losses were due to an aggressive war started by the German nation. April 29, 1945 ( US Army photograph) You can see the piles of dead Germans lying there. They were given considerable freedom and mixed with local people.[11]. "Germany, Military Killed in Action, 1939-1948." Last modified April 17, 2020. https://www.fold3.com/title/1104/germany-military-killed-in-action-1939-1948. Matthus Hetzenauer: The Deadliest Nazi Sniper Of World War II 09/22/2018. Germany's war lasted from the 1st September 1939 to the 7th May 1945, inclusive, which is 2,076 days. Why German Soldiers Don't Have to Obey Orders - HISTORY View our online Press Pack. He points out that the figures for air raid dead in the last three months of the war were estimated in the West German figures at 300,000, which includes the deaths of 135,000 eastern refugees fleeing westward, Overy believes that this is not plausible. [82] The German economist de:Bruno Gleitze from the German Institute for Economic Research estimated that included in the total of 7.1 million deaths by natural causes that there were 1,2 million excess deaths caused by an increase in mortality due to the harsh conditions in Germany during and after the war[83] In Allied occupied Germany the shortage of food was an acute problem in 194647 the average kilocalorie intake per day was only 1,600 to 1,800, an amount insufficient for long-term health.,[84], 5-Killed in Air war - Figure for civilians only, does not include 23,000 police and military and 32,000 POW and foreign workers. Overmans maintains that based on the size of the sample selected that there was a 99% confidence level that the results were accurate. 12-Emigrated & Murdered Jews- The Statistisches Bundesamt(German government Statistical Office) gave a total of 200,000 Jews who had emigrated or were murdered, they did not estimate those actually who were murdered. After a 12-year prison sentence, he started working as a translator in France but was murdered after his real identity as a war criminal was discovered. The finding on this scale is quite special.. This 'compendium' page is created to provide ManyRoads' readers with a centralized location to find information, pointers, and links to assist in the search for WW1 & WW2 German War Casualties, Expellees, & Prisoners. 8 Things You Should Know About WWII's Eastern Front - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 p. 14. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 pp.45-6, Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 - 1945: 8 Bde. The research project involved taking a statistical sample of the confidential German military personnel records located at the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt). -Expulsion and Deportation Dead - This estimate is only for the. [64], It is worth noting that the allied armies which captured the 2.8 million German soldiers up to April 30, 1945, while Adolf Hitler was still alive and resisting as hard as he could, comprised at their peak 88 divisions,[65] with a peak strength in May 1945 of 2,639,377 in the US and 1,095,744 in the British and Canadian forces. [81], 14-Other, Misc. [88], The Austrian government provides the following information on human losses during the rule of the Nazis. According to the report of General George Marshall the break-down of German and Italian losses against American, British, and French forces in the war in Europe is as follows: Source of figures: Biennial report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1945 [9], (A) 252,415 Germans and Italians were captured in Tunisia [10] According to the Imperial War Museum Following the Italian surrender in 1943, 100,000 Italians volunteered to work as 'co-operators'. [35], Monthly German military casualties at point of death per Overmans study. However, there are some who attempt to trivialize the crimes of the Hitler period by comparing German losses to the Holocaust. Overmans maintains that many individual reports of casualties were not processed by the end of the war and are not reflected in the German High Command (OKW) statistics.[1]. In WWII 3 out of 4 German KIA Were by Soviet Army - Russia Insider Bloody Murder Nine of the Most Shocking POW Massacres of World War A. OKW figures from 9/1/1939 to 12/31/1944, Source: Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page78, B. [162], In 1958 the West German government statistical office put the losses of the ethnic Germans at 1,318,000 (886,000 civilians in the expulsions and 411,000 in the German military and 22,000 in the Hungarian and Romanian military)[163] The research of Rdiger Overmans puts military losses of ethnic Germans at 534,000[164]Ingo Haar points out that of the 886,000 estimated civilian dead from east Europe only about 170,000 deaths have been confirmed; the balance are considered unsolved cases.[147]. This list may not reflect recent changes. 'We are looking for people - Sons, Fathers, Brothers. Link/cite this page The organisation was founded on 16 December 1919 to look after the World War I soldiers' graves. Recent research on German expulsion losses: Estimated total German population losses (in 1937 German borders) directly related to the war range between 5.5[152] to 6.9 million persons. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. These figures were to remain unchallenged until the 1990s when the German historian Rdiger Overmans conducted a statistical survey of the records at the military search service Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt). In its report of 1974 they found that 3,060,000 German military personnel were taken prisoner by the USSR and that 1,094,250 died in captivity (549,360 from 1941 to April 1945; 542,911 from May 1945 to June 1950 and 1,979 from July 1950 to 1955). Deaths of POW were 450,600 including 356,700 in NKVD camps and 93,900 in transit. The Americans pushed through the town like a whirlwind after the Germans who are now in full retreat for Cherbourg. [111] Italian fascist forces fought in the Italian campaign until the end of the war with the Italian Social Republic. The US military historian Stephen Ambrose was co-editor of the book Eisenhower and the German POWs in which he refutes Bacques claims. The high rate of German casualties in the Eastern front occured for a number of reasons. Fallen and wounded German soldiers filmed by a US cameraman. Entwicklung des organisatorischen Aufbaues. Overview of the mass grave (by Stowarzyszenie Pomost) Of the 2 million presumed dead Overmans believes 700,000 were actually dead in Soviet custody but not reported as POW. Population Balance for Germany in 1937 borders: May 1939 to October 1946, Sources for figures: Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, Journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. [7] careless German soldiers killed while taking sun-baths [140], See Also: Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450) and Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, Civilian deaths, due to the flight and expulsion of Germans and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, are sometimes included with World War II casualties. A 1990 study by the East German historian. last german soldier to be killed in WW1 - Axis History Forum Of the army dead a total of 1,456,500 occurred on the battlefronts that Marshall's figures refer to (Southern Pacific,[114] Central Pacific,[115] India-Burma,[116] China[117] and Aleutians. [81], 2-Live Births- are those actually recorded from May 1939 until June 1944 and from January to October 1946. American soldiers executed dozens of German guards at the Dachau WWII concentration camp after screaming: 'Let's get those Nazi dogs!' The US troops opened fire on 50 members of the SS and. The figure of 104,000 killed in the Balkans includes casualties sustained against Yugoslav and Greek partisans as well as those killed as the Red Army swept much of the region in late 1944. In 1950 the West German government made a preliminary estimate of 3,000,000 German civilians missing in Eastern Europe (1.5 million from pre war Germany and 1.5 million ethnic Germans from East Europe)whose fate needed to be clarified. A new cemetery in Russia will be the final resting place of 70,000 Wehrmacht soldiers killed on the Eastern Front. (2) Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78. The following schedules give a brief overview of the Overmans study. Page 264, C. Field Army (Feldheer) casualties September 1939 to November 1944, Source: Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945 Vol.3 Page 265. A book of transcripts to be published in. Here are just a few: "The Sun", "Sun", "Sun Online" are registered trademarks or trade names of News Group Newspapers Limited. However, it is estimated that at least 6.9 million of them were killed and another 7.3 million wounded. Photo Diary of the German 291 Infantry Division: From Latvia to Battle Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. Seven Decades After WWII, the Search for Germany's War Dead - HISTORY The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable[77] The following is a list of published statistics for German casualties in World War II. The German historian Rdiger Overmans believes, based on his research, that these figures are incomplete and unreliable. The total sample pulled for the research consisted of the files of 4,844 personnel dead or missing in military service during the war: The first group 4,137 from Army, Air Force and 172 from Waffen SS and paramilitary organizations including (3,051 confirmed dead from the Death Files and another 1,258 found to be dead or missing in the General Files) The Second Group of 535 men found to be dead or missing was selected from the separate Navy files. He believes that the previous studies by the German government should be subject to critical revision and new research is needed to establish the actual number of expulsion deaths.[141]. State Secretary in the German. Historian Rdiger Overmans of the Military History Research Office (Germany) published a study in 2000 that estimated the German military dead and missing at 5.3 million, including 900,000 men conscripted from outside of Germany's 1937 borders, in Austria, and in east-central Europe. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. Analysen, Grundzge, Forschungsbilanz, Michalka, Wolfgang (Hrsg. [112] According to the Japanese Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964, a total of 2,121,000 Japanese servicemen perished in WWII. Source of figures-Rdiger Overmans, Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. "Many a German walked mile after mile before finding an American not too occupied with other duties to bother to accept his surrender. George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 193930 June 1945. The wartime casualty figures compiled by German High Command are often cited by military historians when covering individual campaigns in the war. Around two million men were killed, wounded, or captured during the Battle of Stalingrad. Source of figures: Gregory Frumkin. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. That gives a number of between 1,734 and 2,553 German soldiers (Heer, Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine) killed per day. However, during WWII, the Germans often executed female soldiers on sight. The personnel records included 3,070,000 men who were confirmed dead in the Death Files and another 15,200,000 men in the General Files who had served in the war including those listed as missing and presumed dead. Chilling confessions of PoWs captured by the British have laid bare the brutality and excesses of 'ordinary' German soldiers in the Second World War. According to a historian and expert on the Battle of Stalingrad, the mass grave is consistent with accounts of the victorious Soviet Red Army hurriedly burying the German dead in a gorge towards the end of the conflict. Regarding overall losses they concluded that "It was further estimated that an additional number, approximately 25% of known deaths in 1944 and 1945, were still unrecovered and unrecorded. He pointed out that the heavy death toll estimated by the Maschke Commission of 80,000 German POW in Yugoslavia was based on documented eyewitness accounts. The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 697 total. Dead Russian soldier, 1941. The forward to the book was written by German President Horst Khler and the German interior minister Otto Schily), Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. Oldenbourg 2000, Page 239, Total Missing and Presumed Dead (not including POW) Per Overmans, Soviet sources reported that In 1945 the German Army lost more than 1,000,000 men killed on the Soviet-German front alone.[8]. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 p. 14, Willi Kammerer; Anja Kammerer- Narben bleiben die Arbeit der Suchdienste - 60 Jahre nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg Berlin Dienststelle 2005. [172], Estimates indicate that at least 40,000 war casualties are found a year. (German government Statistical Office). 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