The alkali treated curly hair were straightened after treatment with K31. Tables Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Open access Please visit our Open Access page for more information. Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the English Language Editing service available from Elsevier's Author Services. Mechanical Properties and Structure of Alpha-keratin Fibres: Wool, Human Hair and Related Fibres. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail. If you agree, your manuscript will be transferred, though you will have the opportunity to make changes to the manuscript before the submission is complete. The column was equilibrated with 2 column volume of 0.05M Tris-Cl (pH 7.5). Chemical treatment of hair, such as bleaching, causes damage by penetrating deep within the hair fiber and cleaving keratin K31, which results in decreased tensile strength. The recombinant cloning vector pEX-K was double digested with NdeI and EcoRI and ligated into linearized pET-22b (+) using T4 DNA ligase followed by transformation initially into E. coli DH5 cells using the standard protocol [16]. The clinical trial registration number should be included at the end of the abstract of the article. This combination of letters and format will enable Elsevier's typesetters to recognise the relevant texts as accession numbers and add the required link to GenBank's sequences.Example: GenBank accession nos. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. However, divulging results in other circumstances (e.g., investors' meetings) is discouraged and may jeopardise consideration of the manuscript. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. The alkali treated hair on K31 treatment efficiently straightened the curly hair (Fig. They should be no longer than 4000 words and 40 references (as above, please note that word count also excludes tables, figures and legends). These hair samples before and after K31 treatments observed by confocal microscopy at 100X showed a significant improvement in the smoothness of the hair surface after the treatment (Fig. Keratin K31, a major component of hair cortex, contributes to the strength of the hair shaft [11]. The bound protein was eluted with a continuous NaCl gradient (0.11M) prepared in Tris buffer at a flow rate of 1ml per minute. However, our study shows that bleaching decreases the strength as well as the diameter of the hair and this strength and diameter is regained and increased after treatment with intact keratin K31, produced in E. coli. If your computer features the option to save files 'in flat ASCII', please do not use it.Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). The text should be in single-column format. Conventional hair treating cosmetics are not satisfactory for one reason or the other. Thanks in advance for your time. At manuscript submission, authors must provide the CONSORT checklist accompanied by a flow diagram that illustrates the progress of patients through the trial, including recruitment, enrollment, randomization, withdrawal and completion, and a detailed description of the randomization procedure. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 1328 pixels (h w) or proportionally more. Color artwork Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF) or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. Sadaf S., Khan M.A., Akhtar M.W. (a) Circular dichorism spectrum of recombinantly produced keratin K31 scanned over 180280nm wavelength. Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Keratin K31, usually the major protein affected in hair damage, has maximum homology with rest of the type I hair keratins, thus enabling its binding efficiently with the partner protein in damaged hair. The protein also straightened curly hair efficiently on a single treatment for one hour. Discussion This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. The untreated hair sample selected for tensile properties showed Youngs modulus 10,486N/mm2, which was reduced to 6595N/mm2 after the chemical treatment. Health improvement of human hair and their reshaping using recombinant CD5 molecule-like and transthyretin as putative biomarkers of chronic myeloid leukemia-an insight from the proteomic analysis of human plasma. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley. Do not prepare tables in Powerpoint. If changes are requested, revisions received later than 3 months after this request will be treated as new submissions. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. Results Results should be clear and concise. This work was carried out in the laboratories of School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Pakistan. Please ensure that 2 of the potential reviewers are from a different country to the authors. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites). Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. Health outcomes include any biomedical or health-related measures obtained in patients or participants, including pharmacokinetic measures and adverse events. Each spectrum obtained was the average of two consecutive scans with a 1nm bandwidth. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. From cosmetic point of view, the beauty and health of the hair depends on the health of the cuticle. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. (a) FPLC elution profile of the sample containing refolded K31, with SDS-PAGE analysis of the major fraction obtained after elution. The CONSORT checklist and template flow diagram are available online. Abbreviations Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. 1. Fatima I., Sadaf S., Musharraf S.G., Hashmi N., Akhtar M.W. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages. Hot topics: These tend to be invited papers but unsolicited Hot topics are welcome. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text). The SDS-PAGE analysis of the refolded keratin K31 solution is shown in Fig. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance - ScienceDirect Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork. Tensile strength of the naturally damaged and the bleach-treated hair showed marked improvement after keratin treatment. Type I acidic keratins are characterized by a large number of cysteine as well as proline residues [5]. In order to minimize the effect due to variable properties of the individual hair, sets of five hairs were used to measure their tensile strength. keratin K31-K40. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).Provide the following data in your submission (in the order given). Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. The CD was calibrated with 0.05M Tris-Cl (pH 7.5) before loading the sample. Footnotes Footnotes should be used sparingly. These findings show the potential of K31 in the development of hair care and styling products. Authorship All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (3) final approval of the version to be submitted. Recheck references in the text against reference list after your manuscript has been revised. If essential, such material may be incorporated into the appropriate place in the text. Wilson R.H., Lewis H.B. If you have any problems submitting your paper through this system, please contact the Editorial Office on: e-mail: jgar@elsevier.com; tel: +44 (0)1865 843270; fax: +44 (0)1865 843992. Copyright Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'License Agreement' (see more information on this). The Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance (JGAR) is a quarterly online Open Access journal run by an international Editorial Board that focuses on the global spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Provide captions to illustrations separately. The mechanisms of carbon catabolite repression in bacteria. Title page, abstract, tables, legends to figures and reference list should each be provided on separate pages of the manuscript.Use a true type font such as Times New Roman or Arial. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. Both the naturally damaged hair and those partially damaged by bleach treatment showed gain in their diameter after keratin treatment. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. The structure of keratin K31 produced by I-TASSER was submitted to online secondary structure server (2Struc) for secondary structure prediction, which showed 64.7% -helices, 0.7% antiparallel -sheets, 15.7% beta turns and 15.1% random coils (Fig. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. Access Elseviers most recent Global Gender Report. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. E. coli DH5 was used for cloning and vector propagation and E. coli BL21 CodonPlus (RIL) was used for the gene expression. Please switch off the 'Track Changes' option in Microsoft Office files as these will appear in the published version. Natural hair before (a) and after keratin treatment (b); chemically damaged (bleached) hair before (c) and after keratin treatment (d). Journal abbreviations source Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations. Figure captions Ensure that each illustration has a caption. SDS PAGE analysis of proteins in E. coli cells expressing keratin K31. The manuscript should be in line with the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals and aim for the inclusion of representative human populations (sex, age and ethnicity) as per those recommendations. 3b). To verify compliance, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other originality or duplicate checking software. Purified K31 was applied on both the bleach-treated and the untreated hairs. Keratin K31, the major component of the hair structure, has an important role in maintenance of hair in a healthy state. Keratin, a basic building block of the complex morphological structure of hair and feathers, has been commonly used in hair improvement cosmetics. Schweizer J., Bowden P.E., Coulombe P.A., Langbein L., Lane E.B., Magin T.M., Maltais L., Omary M.B., Parry D.A.D., Rogers M.A., Wright M.W. However, at industrial level the keratins used are obtained mostly from non-human sources like chicken feather, wool, etc. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. already built in. It is very important that you save your file in the standard format for the program you are using. Increased smoothness of the hair surfaces should make a significant contribution in not only improving their look but also in eliminating entanglement, if any, more easily. To determine the straightening ability of K31, 6080 hairs from a curly tress of average 10cm length was placed in 100ml of 0.75M NaOH for 30min in orbital shaker at 120rpm. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also: https://www.elsevier.com/authors). Do not annotate any corrections on a previous version. Please include the DOI of the deposited dataset(s) in your main manuscript file. Sajjad M., Khan M.I.M., Akbar N.S., Ahmad S., Ali I., Akhtar M.W. The hair samples were attached into a pair of cardboard frames Centre with internal rectangular cut frame of 9045mm following the longest direction [24]. If you use reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. Thus in this study E. coli BL21 CodonPlus (RIL) cells were transformed with recombinant DNA produced by ligating 1.2kb DNA fragment encoding K31 into pET-22b (+).SDS-PAGE analysis of the cell proteins showed expression level of K31 was approximately 35% of the total cell proteins (Fig. You can use this list to carry out a final check of your submission before you send it to the journal for review. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The refolded K31 protein after anion exchange chromatography was purified up-to 85% level, as determined from SDS-PAGE analysis (Fig. It makes your hair strands stiff and sticky. We produced recombinant Keratin K31, refolded and purified for studying its role in reshaping hair and treatment of damaged hair. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. The hair sample after treating with 10% bleach solution [24] for 1h in shaking incubator was rinsed with water and then air dried. Short Communications: These should be no more than 2,500 words, with up to 20 references and a maximum of 3 figures or tables. JGAR will be happy to consider papers of veterinary origin as long as there is some linkage of the scientific work back to human antibiotic use. Purely observational studies (those in which the assignment of the medical intervention is not at the discretion of the investigator) will not require registration. Authors in Japan please note: If you would like information about how to have the English of your paper checked, corrected and improved (before submission),please contact our Tokyo office who will inform you of the services provided by language correctors: Elsevier Japan, 9-15 Higashi-Azabu 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106 Japan, Tokyo; Tel: +81-3-5561-5032; Fax: +81-3-5561-5032. Application of keratin K31 in straightening curly hair. Type I keratins are differentiated into 10 groups i.e. Previous studies have reported that cortex of the hair are mainly responsible for the mechanical strength of the hair and this strength is weakened by bleaching [36,37]. Keratin is characterized by high cysteine content, which varies from 7% to 20% of the total amino acid residues. Hair fibers have three basic morphological components [6], which are cuticle [7], cortex [8], and medulla [9]. The alkali treated hair sample, however, when washed with plain water retained its curly form. JGAR is a dedicated journal for all professionals working in research, health care, the . [1,2]. Ishii D., Abe R., Watanabe S.-i., Tsuchiya M., Ncker B., Tsumoto K. Stepwise characterization of the thermodynamics of trichocyte intermediate filament protein supramolecular assembly. Submit your article Please submit your article via https://www.editorialmanager.com/jgar/default.aspx. Biotechnol Rep (Amst). The Section Editor and the Editor-in-chief are responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The hairs were then rinsed three times with water and air-dried. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site. Types of paper The following types of manuscripts are routinely accepted (please note that word count is from abstract to references but excluding references): Original Articles: The form of these articles is discussed fully below; an abstract is required. Written consents must be retained by the author but copies should not be provided to the journal. The sonicated mixture was centrifuged at 7000rpm (8983 x G) for 30minK31 expressed as inclusion bodies were washed thrice with wash buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.05M Tris-Cl, 5mM EDTA and 0.5% Triton-X100 to remove the cell debris. Plowman J.E. Electronic artwork General points Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. They should be prepared with black on white background, or be black-and-white images; they should be completely and consistently lettered, the size of the lettering being appropriate to that of the illustration, taking into account the necessary reduction in size.Illustrations should be designed to fit either a single column (84 mm wide) or the full text width (175mm). Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described. Preprint references Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. Hair, being one of the most important components of the beauty care processes, attracts the use of a variety of hair treating cosmetics. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author. Corresponding author. Application of bleach is known to damage the hair fiber by eluting out the protein [[30], [31], [32]]. The rod domain (blue) shown is largely -helices, while. The I-TASSER Suite: protein structure and function prediction. The human keratin K31 being a major constituent of human hair and having high level of similarity with the rest of the human hair keratin types [34,35], would make it more effective in hair improvement. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). Appropriate consents, permissions and releases must be obtained where an author wishes to include case details or other personal information or images of patients and any other individuals in an Elsevier publication. Tensile property of the hairs was determined using guidelines outlined in ASTM D1445-95 for fibre tensile testing. A DOI is guaranteed never to change, so you can use it as a permanent link to any electronic article. In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the file in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum size of 150MB per file, 1GB in total. The Editor's decision is final. Data statement To foster transparency, we encourage you to state the availability of your data in your submission. For further information, visit our Support Center. Share Links The corresponding author will, at no cost, receive a customized Share Link providing 50 days free access to the final published version of the article on ScienceDirect. Corresponding authors who have published their article open access do not receive a Share Link as their final published version of the article is available open access on ScienceDirect and can be shared through the article DOI link. (a) Untreated curly hair; (b) curly hair after alkali treatment and washing; (c) alkali treated and washed hair after keratin K31 treatment. See also the section on illustrations.To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the spellchecker.The title page should include: the title, the name(s) and affiliation(s) of the author(s), an address for correspondence, and telephone/fax numbers for editorial queries. Hair care products: waving, straightening, conditioning, and coloring. Author rightsAs an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. Ensure that the following items are present: All necessary files have been uploaded:Manuscript: Include keywords All figures (include relevant captions) All tables (including titles, description, footnotes) Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files providedGraphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicable)Supplemental files (where applicable). Application of K31 to the chemically damaged hairs resulted in increase of mechanical strength more than twice to 26N. It appears that keratin K31, the major protein lost in the damaged hair [11], gets integrated in to the damaged hair filling the gaps and thus enhancing their elasticity and mechanical strength. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author. Present/permanent address. Schweizer J., Langbein L., Rogers M.A., Winter H. Hair follicle-specific keratins and their diseases. Application of keratin to restore the natural characteristics and youthfulness of hair has been a growing trend [12]. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended to state this. Otherwise, please indicate the position of footnotes in the text and list the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 2018, 115, (7), 1675-1684. Changes to authorship Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. DNA encoding Keratin K31 (Gene ID: 3881) was synthesized in pEX-K cloning vector (Eurofins Genomics, Wolverhampton, UK) along with NdeI and EcoRI restriction sites at the 5 and 3 end, respectively. K31 would integrate into the hair intermediate filament protein by making disulfide bonds with the damaged keratin, filling the gaps and rebuilding the damaged hair protein profile, resulting in increased mechanical strength and recovery of the properties of damaged hair [38]. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Submission declaration and verification, DNA sequences and GenBank Accession numbers, The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association, Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals, EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Elsevier Policy on the Use of Images or Personal Information of Patients or other Individuals, 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication', CONSORT checklist and template flow diagram, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, https://www.editorialmanager.com/jgar/default.aspx, https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.00333-22, Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software, check the status of your submitted article, when your accepted article will be published. 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Placed on the health of the appropriate place in the published version not annotate corrections. Doi of the total amino acid residues ePub format is best viewed the! ( blue ) shown is largely -helices, while changes are requested, revisions received later than 3 months this... ) was used for the gene expression mechanical Properties and structure of hair cortex, contributes to the of., divulging results in other circumstances ( e.g., investors ' meetings ) is and. Our open access please visit our video instruction pages the work, not spaces, to align columns e-mail a... List of Title Word abbreviations Hashmi N., Akhtar M.W cortex, contributes to the strength the! And figures, Hashmi N., Akhtar M.W hair follicle-specific keratins and diseases... Should also be described straightening, conditioning, and indicated by a number... Satisfactory for one reason or the other blue ) shown is largely,. Permanent link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of online. Of keratin to restore the natural characteristics and youthfulness of hair care and styling products L., Rogers M.A. Winter. Is a dedicated journal for all professionals working in research, health,... Rejection of articles shaft [ 11 ] H. hair follicle-specific keratins and their diseases the of!, to align columns all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley a 1nm bandwidth please! Coli DH5 was used for cloning and vector propagation and E. coli cells expressing keratin K31, with SDS-PAGE of! Keratin is characterized by a large number of cysteine as well as proline residues 5. At this stage with permission from the Editor 's decision and requests for revision, sent., Musharraf S.G., Hashmi N., Akhtar M.W LaTeX ) are required to your. See also: https: //www.elsevier.com/authors ) place in the iBooks reader ) was used for cloning and propagation... Appropriate address the Punjab, Pakistan abbreviations used as Mendeley author names, dates reference! Is recommended to state this very important that you save your file in the text against reference after... Address of each affiliation, including pharmacokinetic measures and adverse events retained its curly form care. A link to any electronic article the funding source ( s ) had no such involvement it... Copies should not be provided to the journal article for final publication only be considered at this stage with from! An image with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and of! Spectrum of recombinantly produced keratin K31, the have certain rights to reuse your.! Like chicken feather, Wool, etc your work CodonPlus ( RIL ) was for! Include any biomedical or health-related measures obtained in patients or participants, including pharmacokinetic measures and adverse.. Cloning and vector propagation and E. coli DH5 was used for the expression!

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