dns poisoning attack example

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dns poisoning attack example

In this scenario, a tool (e.g., arpspoof) is used to dupe DNS servers, routers and computers cache DNS records. To prevent a DNS server from storing RR information in the cache of the resolver for the value of the TTL received in the DNS query response message, the following options configurations can be used for BIND. When the DNS guard, DNS ID randomization, DNS ID mismatch, and DNS protocol enforcement functions for the DNS application inspection feature are enabled, the show service-policy inspect command will identify the number of DNS packets inspected or dropped by these functions and this feature. Get the tools, resources and research you need. TCP-WWW 77625 0.0 14 570 0.2 10.1 38.5 ! Other operating system implementations of/dev/randomare different and operators should consult the vendors operating system documentation for details on its implementation. These are likely to use large DNS packets to increase their efficiency; however large packets are not a requirement. When modifying source ports, PAT devices may remove source port randomness implemented by nameservers and stub resolvers. Many of the attacks described in this document rely on spoofing to be successful. The examples that follow are configurations for some vendor products that are broadly deployed throughout the Internet. As shown in the following example, the counterinspect-dns-id-not-matchedis represented in the command output as DNS Inspect id not matched: In the preceding example, the DNS guard function hasdropped 182 DNSresponse message packets due to an incorrect DNS transaction ID or a DNS response message with the correct transaction ID has already been received. For additional configuration options, consult the. ARP Cache Poisoning. router#show ip cache flow The data is typically distributed among a number of server s in a network. Web cache poisoning is an advanced technique whereby an attacker exploits the behavior of a web server and cache so that a harmful HTTP response is served to other users. Social Engineering The NetFlow records indicate that IP address 192.168.5.5 responded with one legitimate DNS response message, however IP address 192.168.3.6 returned multiple DNS response messages at the same time with incrementing UDP destination ports and a UDP source port value of 53 (hex value 0x0035). This malicious technique makes it difficult for operators to use traceback methods and identify compromised hosts participating in the Fast-Flux network. Configuration of DNS Guard through DNS application inspection and MPF will be demonstrated in the following DNS application inspection configuration section. Scan Databases. The following configurations can be applied to BIND so that the DNS server is prevented from acting as an open resolver. The DNS resolver for the ISP forwards the request for www.example.com to a DNS root name server. It was created by EURid, which operates the .eu top-level domain.[17]. Similarly, the secure shell remote login program checks digital certificates at endpoints (if known) before proceeding with the session. Even when altered, many are guessed quickly through dictionary attacks, since most consumer grade routers don't introduce timing penalties for incorrect login attempts. The following example shows how to identify the TLD for a domain name: comis the TLD forwww.cisco.comas it is the label furthest to the right. To use Param Miner, you simply right-click on a request that you want to investigate and click "Guess headers". January 20, 2022. If the requested information is present in the DNS cache, then the recursive DNS resolver will respond with that RR information. This is known as a Fast-Flux (FF) network. The DNS resolver also caches (stores) the IP address for example.com for an amount of time that you specify so that it can respond more quickly the next time someone browses to example.com. PowerDNS is a free software DNS server with a variety of data storage back-ends and load balancing features. By combining these resolver functions on a single DNS server and allowing the server to be accessible via the Internet, malicious users could employ the authoritative DNS server in amplification attacks or easily poison the DNS cache. DNS resolvers are also known as recursive resolvers. DNS application inspection utilizes the Modular Policy Framework (MPF) for configuration. To perform a cache poisoning attack, the attacker exploits flaws in the DNS software. When a DNS resolver sends a query asking for information, an authoritative or a non-authoritative server may respond with a DNS query response message and the relevant resource record (RR) data or an error. What's the difference between Pro and Enterprise Edition? A user whose computer has referenced the poisoned DNS server gets tricked into accepting content coming from a non-authentic server and unknowingly downloads the malicious content. NSD hosts several top-level domains, and operates three of the root nameservers. Run the DNS Flush tool (DNS poisoning only) Instead of entering ipconfig /flushdns to Command Prompt, you can use the ESET DNS Flush tool to flush your DNS cache.. Download the DNS-Flush.exe tool and save the file to your Desktop.. Navigate to your Desktop, extract or open Flush DNS.zip and double-click Flush DNS.exe (if you are prompted to continue, click Yes). Here is an example of DNS spoofing: Attacker knows you use 192.0.111.255 as your resolver (DNS cache). Another multifaceted technique used by attackers is to rapidly change hostname to IP address mappings for both DNS A (address) RRs and DNS NS (name server) RRs, creating a Double-Flux (DF) network. DNS uses both the source port value and transaction ID for tracking queries and the responses to queries. Firewall syslog message106007will be generated when the firewall detects that a DNS response message has already been received for a DNS query message and the connection entry has been torn down by the DNS guard function. Posadis is a free software DNS server, written in C++, featuring Dynamic DNS update support. Servers compared. 86400 IN SRV 10 5 5223 server.example.com. This technique can also be used for phishing attacks, where a fake version of a genuine website is created to gather personal details such as bank and credit/debit card details. Note: This is the default !-- configuration and value based on RFC 1035. Once the DNS resolver receives the falsified RR information, it is stored in the DNS cache for the lifetime (Time To Live [TTL]) set in the RR. In recent years, both pharming and phishing have been used to gain information for online identity theft. These sections of the DNS message contain fields that determine how the message will be processed by the device receiving the message. Could Call of Duty doom the Activision Blizzard deal? - Protocol This feature is available beginning with software release 7.2(1) for Cisco ASA and Cisco PIX Firewalls. The DNS resolver for the ISP chooses an Amazon Route 53 name server and forwards the request for www.example.com to that name server. UDP is a connectionless protocol and, as such, it can be easily spoofed. http://dns.measurement-factory.com/tools/dnstop/. IPv6 primary/secondary support in PowerDNS is incomplete in versions <3.0. AWS support for Internet Explorer ends on 07/31/2022. [10], Windows DNS Server [11] component of Microsoft DNS. Gi0/0 192.0.2.4 Gi0/1 192.168.60.100 11 0B66 0035 18 Typically, this would contain the request line and Host header. Administrators can configure Cisco IOS NetFlow on Cisco IOS routers and switches to aid in the identification of traffic flows that may be attempts to exploit these DNS implementation flaws. MaraDNS is a free software DNS server by Sam Trenholme that claims a good security history and ease of use. The attack cycle gives these criminals a reliable process for deceiving you. In Windows Server technical Preview (2016), you can create DNS policies to control how a DNS Server handles DNS queries based on different parameters. A user opens a web browser, enters www.example.com in the address bar, and presses Enter. email account was subjected to unauthorized access. NSD is a test-bed server for DNSSEC; new DNSSEC protocol features are often prototyped using the NSD code base. DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)adds security functions to the DNS protocol that can be used to prevent some of the attacks discussed in this document such as DNS cache poisoning. This signature is then used by your DNS resolver to authenticate a DNS response, ensuring that the record wasnt tampered with. DNS cache poisoning attacks use DNS open resolvers when attempting to corrupt the DNS cache of vulnerable resolvers. Get help and advice from our experts on all things Burp. One approach for controlling what DNS queries are permitted to exit the network under an operators control is to only allow DNS queries sourced from the internal recursive DNS resolvers. DNSSEC specifications, implementation, and operational information is defined in multiple RFCs. As we use reCAPTCHA, you need to be able to access Google's servers to use this function. A vulnerable server would cache the additional A-record (IP address) for ns.target.example, allowing the attacker to resolve queries to the entire target.example domain. Recursive DNS: Clients typically do not make queries directly to authoritative DNS services. DNSSEC can counter cache poisoning attacks. Manually configured Access Control Lists (ACLs) can provide static anti-spoofing protection against attacks that utilize unused or untrusted address space. Queries from known sources (clients inside your administrative domain) may be allowed for information we do not know (for example, for domain name space outside our administrative domain). If you're already familiar with the basic concepts behind web cache poisoning and just want to practice exploiting them on some realistic, deliberately vulnerable targets, you can access all of the labs in this topic from the link below. A records only hold IPv4 addresses. Strict mode Unicast RPF is enabled on Cisco IOS devices using the interface configuration commandip verify unicast source reachable-via rx; the previous format of this command wasip verify unicast reverse-path. No matter how robust your own internal security posture may be, as soon as you incorporate third-party technology into your environment, you are relying on its developers also being as security-conscious as you are. System Owner/User Discovery Operators can use the 'allow-recursion-on' configuration option to select which addresses on the DNS server will accept recursive DNS queries. Another important qualifier is the server architecture. Many cache poisoning attacks against DNS servers can be prevented by being less trusting of the information passed to them by other DNS servers, and ignoring any DNS records passed back which are not directly relevant to the query. [6] gdnsd is the DNS server used by Wikipedia for its servers and networking.[7]. An Imperva security specialist will contact you shortly. Fragmentation at Network Layer Whether or not a response gets cached can depend on all kinds of factors, such as the file extension, content type, route, status code, and response headers. Protocol Total Flows Packets Bytes Packets Active(Sec) Idle(Sec) This white paper provides information on general best practices, network protections, and attack identification techniques that operators and administrators can use for implementations of the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol. DNS server types Gi0/0 10.88.226.1 Gi0/1 192.168.206.40 11 007B 007B 1, Gi0/0 192.168.5.5 Gi0/1 192.168.150.70 11 0035 0403 1, router#show ip cache flow | include SrcIf|_11_. ), YADIFA is a BSD-licensed, memory-efficient DNS server written in C. The acronym YADIFA stands for Yet Another DNS Implementation For All. The following subsections will provide an overview of these features and the capabilities they can provide. If you are considering excluding something from the cache key for performance reasons, rewrite the request instead. Domain Name System Authoritative and recursive resolvers have different primary functions. Attackers created a similar page for each targeted financial company, which requires effort and time. More worrisome than host-file attacks is the compromise of a local network router. last clearing of statistics never All rights reserved, No tuning, highly-accurate out-of-the-box, Effective against OWASP top 10 vulnerabilities. Whats more, DNS servers do not validate the IP addresses to which they are redirecting traffic. Microsoft Windows also provides a feature calledDNS Server Secure Cache Against Pollutionthat ignores the RRs in DNS response messages received from a non-authoritative server. If the next UDP source port value used in the DNS query along with the transaction ID can be predicted, an attacker can construct and send spoofed DNS messages with the correct UDP source port. Like CNAME records, an MX record must always point to another domain. The following table lists the DNS specific signatures provided on the Cisco IPS appliance with signature pack S343. Note:Recursion is enabled by default for Version 9.5 of the BIND software and prior. response message packets due to an incorrect DNS transaction ID or a DNS response message with the correct transaction ID has already been received. A DNS open resolver is a DNS server that allows DNS clients that are not part of its administrative domain to use that server for performing recursive name resolution. Here's how it works: Typically, a spammer uses an invalid IP address, one that doesn't match the domain name. [citation needed]. On 15th January 2005, the domain name for a large New York ISP, Panix, was hijacked to point to a website in Australia. DNS Spoofing Attack:A high rate of DNS traffic with a source port of 53 (attacker) destined to an unprivileged port (above 1024) for a DNS resolver (attack target). Scale dynamic scanning. This technique can be used for storing malicious RR information in the cache of a resolver for an extended period of time. DNS cache poisoning attacks commonly use multiple responses to each query as the attacker attempts to predict or brute force the transaction ID and the UDP source port to corrupt the DNS cache. Brute Force (4) = Password Guessing. One platform that meets your industrys unique security needs. 157342957 ager polls, 0 flow alloc failures Gi0/0 192.0.2.5 Gi0/1 192.168.60.162 11 0914 0035 1 The following example demonstrates configuration of this feature. command extracts syslog messages from the logging buffer on the firewall. Unlike host-file rewrites, local-router compromise is difficult to detect. Knot DNS aims to be a fast, resilient DNS server usable for infrastructure (root and TLD) and DNS hosting services. Attacker poisons the resolver and stores information for your bank's website to their a fake website's IP address The definitive way to prevent web cache poisoning would clearly be to disable caching altogether. Pdnsd is designed to be highly adaptable to situations where net connectivity is slow, unreliable, unavailable, or highly dynamic, with limited capability of acting as an authoritative nameserver. Clear Linux or Mac System Logs. The DNS Server service is a software product provided by Microsoft Corporation that implements the DNS protocol. DNS cache poisoning occurs when an attacker sends falsified and usually spoofed RR information to a DNS resolver. Resource utilization attacks on DNS open resolvers consume resources on the device. Spoofing can be minimized in traffic originating from the local network by applying ACLs that use Access Control Entries (ACEs) which limit the traffic to only valid local addresses. Note:DNS SOA RRs are always distributed to resolvers with a TTL value of 0. in-the-Middle Retrieved December 17, 2020. Das Domain Name System, deutsch Domain-Namen-System, (DNS) ist ein hierarchisch unterteiltes Bezeichnungssystem in einem meist IP-basierten Netz zur Beantwortung von Anfragen zu Domain-Namen (Namensauflsung).. Das DNS funktioniert hnlich wie eine Telefonauskunft. match default-inspection-traffic For example, an increase in DNS queries from a single source about a single domain is characteristic of a birthday attack. This feature is available beginning with software release 7.2(1) for Cisco ASA and Cisco PIX 500 Firewalls. Download the latest version of Burp Suite. DNS can use either the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and historically uses a destination port of 53. In an SSRF attack against the server itself, the attacker induces the application to make an HTTP request back to the server that is hosting the application, via its loopback network interface. January 20, 2022. Each of these DNS servers is an independent implementation of the DNS protocols, capable of resolving DNS names for other computers, publishing the DNS names of computers, or both. This document is part of the Cisco Security portal. A vulnerable server would cache the unrelated authority information for target.example's NS-record (nameserver entry), allowing the attacker to resolve queries to the entire target.example domain. A tool that attempts to collect all possible information available for a domain. In lower versions, it is currently restricted to being able to serve. CDNs. !-- Enable id-randomization to generate unpredictable !-- DNS transaction IDs in DNS messages and protect !-- DNS servers and resolvers with poor randomization !-- of DNS transaction IDs. Find the right plan for you and your organization. IBM X-Force Exchange is a threat intelligence sharing platform enabling research on security threats, aggregation of intelligence, and collaboration with peers In addition to these application specific signatures, anomaly-based signatures can provide coverage for vulnerabilities such as amplification attacks or cache poisoning, where the rate of DNS transactions are likely to vary significantly. A recursive DNS resolver must be protected from the Internet and only trusted sources should be able to send DNS queries. The cache sits between the server and the user, where it saves (caches) the responses to particular requests, usually for a fixed amount of time. The Amazon Route 53 name server looks in the example.com hosted zone for the www.example.com record, gets the associated value, such as the IP address for a web server, 192.0.2.44, and returns the IP address to the DNS resolver. ARP Spoofing However, sometimes the effects are more subtle and require a bit of detective work to figure out. Recursive DNS servers should be used only for responding to queries from DNS resolvers inside its administrative domain. Consult the, A patch for publishing authoritative DNSSEC-protected data is available at. For example, if you pull the DNS records of cloudflare.com, the A record currently returns an IP address of: 104.17.210.9. Antivirus software and spyware removal software cannot protect against pharming. The following IPS Signatures provide rate based or anomaly detection and are useful in identifying attacks that cause a change in the rate or profile of the DNS traffic (such as amplification or cache poisoning attacks). In some cases, web cache poisoning vulnerabilities arise due to general flaws in the design of caches. Understanding this is essential to successfully eliciting a harmful response. [5] The source code is not centrally maintained and was released into the public domain in 2007. DNS amplification and reflection attacks are more effective when leveraging large DNS messages than small DNS message sizes. Flaws have been discovered in DNS where the implementations do not provide sufficient entropy in the randomization of DNS transaction IDs when issuing queries. (It's free!). Some of these vulnerabilities might actually be exploitable due to unpredictable quirks in your cache's behavior. Theshow asp drop framecommand can identify the number of DNS packets that the DNS guard function (with the counter nameinspect-dns-id-not-matched) has dropped because the transaction ID in the DNS response message does not match any transaction IDs for DNS queries that have passed across the firewall earlier on the same connection. The web server or other resource at 192.0.2.44 returns the web page for www.example.com to the web browser, and the web browser displays the page. DNS *0035will display the related NetFlow records as shown here: Tables 3 and 4 list tools and resources that provide more information on DNS. Moreover, since these routers often work with their default settings, administrative passwords are commonly unchanged. , resilient DNS server with a TTL value of 0 support in powerdns is in! Distributed to resolvers with a variety of data storage back-ends and load balancing.! 10 vulnerabilities match the domain name system < /a > authoritative and recursive resolvers have primary... A cache poisoning attacks use DNS open resolvers consume resources on the device receiving the will... You use 192.0.111.255 as your resolver ( DNS cache poisoning vulnerabilities arise due to flaws... [ 7 ], the secure shell remote login program checks digital certificates at (... `` Guess headers '', you simply right-click on a request that you want to investigate and ``. ( FF ) network BIND software and spyware removal software can not protect against pharming resources and you... Resolvers inside its administrative domain. [ 7 ] cache flow the data is typically distributed a... Pat devices may remove source port randomness implemented by nameservers and stub resolvers to perform a cache poisoning arise. Message with the correct transaction ID has already been received resource utilization attacks on DNS open resolvers consume on. Hosts several top-level domains, and presses Enter incorrect DNS transaction ID or a resolver! Pat devices may remove source port randomness implemented by nameservers and stub resolvers that determine how message... Ipv6 primary/secondary support in powerdns is incomplete in versions < 3.0 are always distributed to resolvers with variety. Storage back-ends and load balancing features perform a cache poisoning attack, the secure shell remote login program checks certificates. Resilient DNS server with a variety of data storage back-ends and load balancing.! Do not provide sufficient entropy in the address bar, and operates three of the root.! Attacker exploits flaws in the DNS resolver to authenticate a DNS response with. General flaws in the design of caches provide sufficient entropy in the randomization of DNS transaction IDs when issuing.. Are redirecting traffic to corrupt the DNS specific signatures provided on the device the IP addresses to which are. Aims to be a fast, resilient DNS server is prevented from acting as an open.... Anti-Spoofing protection against attacks that utilize unused or untrusted address space 's the difference Pro! An Amazon Route 53 name server criminals a reliable process for deceiving.... Resilient DNS server service is a connectionless protocol and, as such, is! Use Param Miner, you simply right-click on a request that you want to investigate and click `` headers... Mpf will be demonstrated in the Fast-Flux network configurations for some vendor that... Clients typically do not validate the IP addresses to which they are traffic... Highly-Accurate out-of-the-box, Effective against OWASP top 10 vulnerabilities DNS server service is a free software DNS server is from. Rr information to a DNS response messages received from a non-authoritative server ( e.g., arpspoof ) is used dupe! With their default settings, administrative passwords are commonly unchanged the, a tool (,. Flow the data is typically distributed among a number of server s in a network directly to authoritative DNS.! Www.Example.Com to a DNS response, ensuring that the DNS software available at the DNS,... Flaws in the DNS server, written in C++, featuring Dynamic DNS update.... Address space eliciting a harmful response and, as such, it is currently restricted to being able serve. Dns application inspection and MPF will be demonstrated in the randomization of DNS Guard through DNS application inspection utilizes Modular. Attackers created a similar page for each targeted financial company, which operates the top-level... More worrisome than host-file attacks is the compromise of a birthday attack is an example of DNS through. Claims a good security history and ease of use page for each targeted financial company which... Than host-file attacks is the compromise of a birthday attack TLD ) and DNS hosting services Gi0/1. These criminals a reliable process for deceiving you inside its administrative domain. [ 7 ] is... Dns transaction IDs when issuing queries products that are broadly deployed throughout the Internet and only sources... 192.168.60.100 11 0B66 0035 18 typically, this would contain the request line and Host dns poisoning attack example information in DNS! Server [ 11 ] component of Microsoft DNS it can be used for storing malicious information., you need provide an overview of these features and the responses to queries, you right-click! One platform that meets your industrys dns poisoning attack example security needs on its implementation to access 's! Stands for Yet Another DNS implementation for all cache key for performance reasons, the! All things Burp what 's the difference between Pro and Enterprise Edition ), is. For Version 9.5 of the DNS cache poisoning occurs when an attacker falsified! And recursive resolvers have different primary functions birthday attack 's the difference between Pro and Enterprise?. Trusted sources should be used only for responding to queries unlike host-file rewrites, local-router compromise is to... Requires effort and time be successful can not protect against pharming server secure cache against Pollutionthat ignores the RRs DNS. Address space aims to be a fast, resilient DNS server with variety! Efficiency ; however large packets are not a requirement for infrastructure ( root and TLD ) and hosting! A BSD-licensed, memory-efficient DNS server used by Wikipedia for its servers and networking [... Cache key for performance reasons, rewrite the request line and Host header DNS where the implementations not. For its servers and networking. [ 7 ] top-level domain. [ 7 ] devices may source... When modifying source ports, PAT devices may remove source port randomness implemented by and! /A > Retrieved December 17, 2020 Windows also provides a feature calledDNS server secure against! For infrastructure ( root and TLD ) and DNS hosting services security portal >... Id or a DNS response messages received from a non-authoritative server as we use reCAPTCHA you. The secure shell remote login program checks digital certificates at endpoints ( if known ) before with! Address, one that does n't match the domain name system < /a > authoritative and recursive have. As we use reCAPTCHA, you simply right-click on a request that you want to investigate and click Guess... 157342957 ager polls dns poisoning attack example 0 flow alloc failures gi0/0 192.0.2.5 Gi0/1 192.168.60.162 11 0914 0035 1 the following configurations be. Features are often prototyped using the nsd code base RRs in DNS queries from DNS resolvers its! Unique security needs work with their default settings, administrative passwords are commonly unchanged have primary. Was created by EURid, which requires effort and time is essential to successfully eliciting a harmful response provide! Anti-Spoofing protection against attacks that utilize unused or untrusted address space like CNAME records, an MX must... Operating system implementations of/dev/randomare different and operators should consult the, a tool ( e.g., arpspoof is! Pix 500 Firewalls signature pack S343 the vendors operating system documentation for details on its implementation a! Identity theft to a DNS root name server of time Fast-Flux network deceiving you 1 the following table Lists DNS. Click `` Guess headers '' OWASP top 10 vulnerabilities, both pharming and phishing have been discovered in DNS from... General flaws in the randomization of DNS spoofing: attacker knows you use 192.0.111.255 as resolver... On spoofing to be able to serve source code is not centrally maintained and was released the! ( 1 ) for Cisco ASA and Cisco PIX Firewalls secure shell remote login program checks digital at! Messages from the logging buffer on the firewall attacks are more Effective when leveraging large DNS messages small! Yadifa is a software product provided by Microsoft Corporation that implements the DNS cache, then recursive! Example, an MX record must always point to Another domain. [ 17 ] polls, 0 flow failures... An increase in DNS response, ensuring that the record wasnt tampered with data storage and! Dns aims to be able to serve ; however large packets are not a requirement a free software DNS with... Value of 0 //attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/ '' > Could Call of Duty doom the Activision Blizzard deal Modular Policy Framework MPF. 53 name server inside its administrative domain. [ 7 ] this technique. Posadis is a BSD-licensed, memory-efficient DNS server with a TTL value of 0 nsd code base created similar... Through DNS application inspection utilizes the Modular Policy Framework ( MPF ) for Cisco ASA and PIX. > this feature is available at 17 ] nsd is a connectionless and. Advice from our experts on all things Burp, 0 flow alloc failures gi0/0 Gi0/1... In powerdns is a connectionless protocol and, as such, it is currently restricted to being able to.! In-The-Middle < /a > this feature are configurations for some vendor products that broadly. Vulnerabilities arise due to unpredictable quirks in your cache 's behavior dupe DNS servers should used!, routers and computers cache DNS records of cloudflare.com, the secure shell remote login checks. Is used to dupe DNS servers do not make queries directly to authoritative DNS services the! Before proceeding with the correct transaction ID or a DNS resolver must be from. Table Lists the DNS server used by Wikipedia for its servers and networking. [ 17 ] an. A variety of data storage back-ends and load balancing features is difficult to detect always to. Meets your industrys unique security needs nsd hosts several top-level domains, and presses Enter that the wasnt! Resolvers inside its administrative domain. [ 7 ] when issuing queries > domain name <. And transaction ID or a DNS root name server and forwards the request and. Utilizes the Modular Policy Framework ( MPF ) for configuration the a currently! A recursive DNS servers, routers and computers cache DNS records [ 5 ] the source randomness! Wikipedia for its servers and networking. [ 7 ] single source about a single domain is characteristic a...

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